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[HTE+04]  Perceptually-Based Brush Strokes for Nonphotorealistic Visualization

Healey:2004:PBB (Article)
Author(s)Healey C., Tateosian L., Enns J. and Remple M.
Title« Perceptually-Based Brush Strokes for Nonphotorealistic Visualization »
JournalACM Transactions on Graphics
Volume23
Number1
Page(s)64--96
Year2004

Abstract
An important problem in the area of computer graphics is the visualization of large, complex information spaces. Datasets of this type have grown rapidly in recent years, both in number and in size. Images of the data stored in these collections must support rapid and accurate exploration and analysis. This article presents a method for constructing visualizations that are both effective and aesthetic. Our approach uses techniques from master paintings and human perception to visualize a multidimensional dataset. Individual data elements are drawn with one or more brush strokes that vary their appearance to represent the element's attribute values. The result is a nonphotorealistic visualization of information stored in the dataset. Our research extends existing glyph-based and nonphotorealistic techniques by applying perceptual guidelines to build an effective representation of the underlying data. The nonphotorealistic properties the strokes employ are selected from studies of the history and theory of Impressionist art. We show that these properties are similar to visual features that are detected by the low- level human visual system. This correspondence allows us to manage the strokes to produce perceptually salient visualizations. Psychophysical experiments confirm a strong relationship between the expressive power of our nonphotorealistic properties and previous Findings on the use of perceptual color and texture patterns for data display. Results from these studies are used to produce effective nonphotorealistic visualizations. We conclude by applying our techniques to a large, multidimensional weather dataset to demonstrate their viability in a practical, real-world setting.

BibTeX code
@article{Healey:2004:PBB,
  optcitations =
                  {Curtis:1997:CGW,Ebert:2000:VIN,Finkelstein:1994:MRC,Gooch:2002:AVP,Gooch:2001:NPR,Haeberli:1990:PBN,Hertzmann:1998:PRC,Hertzmann:2002:FTM,Herzmann:2001:IA,Hsu:1994:DAU,Litwinowicz:1997:PIV,Lu:2002:NPV,Meier:1996:PRA,Rheingans:2001:VIN,Salisbury:1996:SDR,Salisbury:1994:IPI,Salisbury:1997:OTI,Sousa:1999:CGG,Sousa:1999:CGP,Sousa:2000:OMG,Strassmann:1986:HB,Strothotte:2002:NPC,Takagi:1997:MSM,Takagi:1999:VMA,Winkenbach:1994:CGP,Winkenbach:1996:RPS},
  number = {1},
  volume = {23},
  opturl = {},
  month = jan,
  optwww = {},
  author = {Christopher G. Healey and Laura Tateosian and James T. Enns and Mark
            Remple},
  optkey = {},
  localfile = {papers/Healey.2004.PBB.pdf},
  abstract = {An important problem in the area of computer graphics is the
              visualization of large, complex information spaces. Datasets of
              this type have grown rapidly in recent years, both in number and
              in size. Images of the data stored in these collections must
              support rapid and accurate exploration and analysis. This article
              presents a method for constructing visualizations that are both
              effective and aesthetic. Our approach uses techniques from master
              paintings and human perception to visualize a multidimensional
              dataset. Individual data elements are drawn with one or more brush
              strokes that vary their appearance to represent the element's
              attribute values. The result is a nonphotorealistic visualization
              of information stored in the dataset. Our research extends
              existing glyph-based and nonphotorealistic techniques by applying
              perceptual guidelines to build an effective representation of the
              underlying data. The nonphotorealistic properties the strokes
              employ are selected from studies of the history and theory of
              Impressionist art. We show that these properties are similar to
              visual features that are detected by the low- level human visual
              system. This correspondence allows us to manage the strokes to
              produce perceptually salient visualizations. Psychophysical
              experiments confirm a strong relationship between the expressive
              power of our nonphotorealistic properties and previous Findings on
              the use of perceptual color and texture patterns for data display.
              Results from these studies are used to produce effective
              nonphotorealistic visualizations. We conclude by applying our
              techniques to a large, multidimensional weather dataset to
              demonstrate their viability in a practical, real-world setting.},
  title = {{P}erceptually-{B}ased {B}rush {S}trokes for {N}onphotorealistic
           {V}isualization},
  doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/966131.966135},
  journal = j-TOG,
  year = {2004},
  pages = {64--96},
}

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