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[Wal81]  Merging and Transformation of Raster Images for Cartoon Animation

Wallace:1981:MTR (Article)
Author(s)Wallace B.
Title« Merging and Transformation of Raster Images for Cartoon Animation »
JournalACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 81 (Dallas, TX, August 3--7, 1981)
Volume15
Number3
Page(s)253--262
Year1981
URLhttp://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/merging-sig81/

Abstract
The task of assembling drawings and backgrounds together for each frame of an animated sequence has always been a tedious undertaking using conventional animation camera stands and has contributed to the high cost of animation production. In addition, the physical limitations that these camera stands place on the manipulation of the individual artwork levels restricts the total image-making possibilities afforded by traditional cartoon animation. Documents containing all frame assembly information must also be maintained. This paper presents several computer methods for assisting in the production of cartoon animation, both to reduce expense and to improve the overall quality. Merging is the process of combining levels of artwork into a final composite frame using digital computer graphics. The term "level" refers to a single painted drawing (cel) or background. A method for the simulation of any hypothetical animation camera set-up is introduced. A technique is presented for reducing the total number of merges by retaining merged groups consisting of individual levels which do not change over successive frames. Lastly, a sequence-editing system which controls precise definition of an animated sequence, is described. Also discussed is the actual method for merging any two adjacent levels and several computational and storage optimizations to speed the process.

BibTeX code
@article{Wallace:1981:MTR,
  number = {3},
  volume = {15},
  month = aug,
  optwww = {},
  author = {Bruce A. Wallace},
  optkey = {},
  optstatus = {},
  url = {http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/merging-sig81/},
  localfile = {papers/Wallace.1981.MTR.pdf},
  abstract = {The task of assembling drawings and backgrounds together for each
              frame of an animated sequence has always been a tedious
              undertaking using conventional animation camera stands and has
              contributed to the high cost of animation production. In addition,
              the physical limitations that these camera stands place on the
              manipulation of the individual artwork levels restricts the total
              image-making possibilities afforded by traditional cartoon
              animation. Documents containing all frame assembly information
              must also be maintained. This paper presents several computer
              methods for assisting in the production of cartoon animation, both
              to reduce expense and to improve the overall quality. Merging is
              the process of combining levels of artwork into a final composite
              frame using digital computer graphics. The term "level" refers to
              a single painted drawing (cel) or background. A method for the
              simulation of any hypothetical animation camera set-up is
              introduced. A technique is presented for reducing the total number
              of merges by retaining merged groups consisting of individual
              levels which do not change over successive frames. Lastly, a
              sequence-editing system which controls precise definition of an
              animated sequence, is described. Also discussed is the actual
              method for merging any two adjacent levels and several
              computational and storage optimizations to speed the process.},
  title = {{M}erging and {T}ransformation of {R}aster {I}mages for {C}artoon
           {A}nimation},
  doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/965161.806813},
  journal = SIGGRAPH81,
  year = {1981},
  pages = {253--262},
}

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